The study of these systems has revealed some universal principles for the replication process. the human haploid genome consists of 2.9×10 9 bp) and the existence of multiple replicons, most of our current knowledge about the mechanisms of DNA replication stems from the study of model systems with simpler genomes such as prokaryotic (plasmids, bacteriophages and bacteria) and eukaryotic (viruses, yeasts and protists) systems. Owing to the complexity of higher eukaryotic genomes (e.g. See also DNA Replication Origins, and DNA Structure Mechanism of DNA Replication The replication origin is the cis-acting DNA element that defines the site of initiation of DNA replication and provides regulatory control over the process. This replication is semiconservative and, depending on the system, it can be either unidirectional or bidirectional, whereby the nascent strands emanate from a specific initiation sequence called the origin of DNA replication (ori). The DNA structure has been described as a right-handed double helix (B- DNA helix), which indicated that the DNA molecule was capable of self-replication. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) replication is a fundamental biological process that ensures duplication of the genome, and thus its propagation.
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